China has strengthened its safety management system for nuclear facilities, materials and activities, as well as 　　other radioactive materials and radiation devices through an enhanced safety licensing process and rigorous technical reviews. Activities related to the siting, construction, operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and facilities that handle the treatment, storage and disposal of radioactive waste are subject to full life-cycle and phased licensing reviews. Licensing requirements based on categories and levels of radiation apply to operators that hold nuclear materials, or produce, sell, and use radioisotopes and radiation devices. The transportation of radioactive materials is subject to a review and approval process and online monitoring. Licensing requirements are also applicable to entities that design, manufacture, install and perform nondestructive testing of civil nuclear safety equipment, and those that design and manufacture containers for the transportation of radioactive materials.